Anders Movin, en välkänd röntgenprofil, har gått ur tiden

Anders Movin, tidigare klinikchef vid Mälarsjkhuset i Eskilstuna har avlidit 75 år gammal. Anders har under hela sin verksammma tid inom radiologin varit en förkämpe för utbildning och fortbildning och var eldsjälen som höll liv i Mälardalens röntgenklubb, en sammanslutning som drevs gemensamt från Eskilstuna, Västerås och Örebro, men under ett odiskuterat ledarskap av Anders Movin.

Anders är också författaren till klassikern Skelettröntgenundersökningar som han skrev tillsammans med Ulf Karlsson och som varit självklar i all utbildning av röntgenassistenter och sedermera röntgensjuksköterskor. Även för en ung underläkare har boken varit en räddning i många situationer.

Anders var en alltid lika ihärdig, orädd och självklar debattör på alla typer av radiologiska sammankomster och han hedrades också för sina insatser med ett hedersmedlemskap i Svensk Förening för Medicinsk Radiologi.

Här följer de minnesord som vännen Staffan Zetterquist publicerat i Dagens Nyheter den 10 december.

Sverige har fått en ny professor i Radiologi
(2007-05-15)

Olof Flodmark har blivit adjungerad professor i pediatrisk neuroradiologi vid Karolinska Institutet i Stockholm.

Olof Flodmark disputerade 1981 på en avhandling om datortomografi och intrakraniella blödningar hos nyfödda. Olof Flodmark fick sin grundutbildning vid medicinska fakulteten i Lund, disputerade på Karolinska Institutet, har varit verksam mellan 1982 och 1989 i Kanada och är sedan 1989 verksamhetschef vid Avdelningen för neuroradiologi vid Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Solna.

Olof Flodmark har över 120 vetenskapliga arbeten och är en flitig nationellt och internationellt anlitad föreläsare. På grund av sina vetenskapliga och pedagogiska meriter utsågs han den 15 april 2007 som adjungerad professor i pediatrisk neuroradiologi vid Karolinska Institutet.

Svensk Förening för Medicinsk Radiologi gratulerar!

Professsor Björn Nordenström har avlidit
(2007-01-23)

Professor emeritus i diagnostisk radiologi vid Karolinska Institutet, Björn Nordenström, avled på nyårsafton 2006. Hans närmaste är makan Gerd och sönerna Jörgen, Hans och Klas med familjer.

Björn Nordenström föddes 1920 i Ragunda Jämtland och kom i unga år till Bollnäs, tog studenten i Söderhamn 1940, började sina medicinstudier i Uppsala, han blev med lic1947 vid Karolinska Institutet. Efter att ha fått sin basala röntgenträning på Sabbatsbergs sjukhus kom Björn Nordenström till Karolinska sjukhuset där han disputerade 1954 på en röntgenavhandling inom thoraxradiologi som renderade högsta betyg. Hans gedigna forskning ledde till att han fick professuren i diagnostisk radiologi vid Karolinska Institutet som han innehade från 1967 till 1987.

Björn Nordenströms kliniska och vetenskapliga gärning har präglats av en för svenska förhållanden unik, innovativ och nytänkande karriär. Björn Nordenström var närmast genialisk och hade till sin natur en klassisk uppfinnarkaraktär som hade ett oändligt antal uppslag och idéer varav många fullföljdes och har resulterat i kliniskt betydelsefulla metoder. Hans första uppfinningar var att göra ballongkatetrar som kunde såväl styra som stänga av blodflödet, en teknik som idag är rutin på de flesta röntgenavdelningar världen över och som ligger till grund för de idag välkända "ballongsprängningarna".

Björn Nordenström var en av de första att använda sig av finnålspunktion för mikroskopisk diagnostik av tumörer och konstruerade den första utrustningen för stereotaktisk punktion av brösttumörer. Under Björn Nordenströms ledning utvecklades forskningen vid röntgenavdelningen vid Karolinska sjukhuset och framför allt vid dess thoraxradiologiska avdelning på ett imponerande sätt. Hans egen produktion har resulterat i drygt 150 vetenskapliga artiklar och i ett flertal internationella utmärkelser. Björns forskargärning innehöll ett stort mått av ett unikt nytänkande med oftast ett tvärvetenskapligt och delvis genialt angreppssätt. I slutet av hans professorskarriär och långt efter hans pensionering kännetecknades Björn Nordenströms arbete framför allt av hans olika teorier kring kroppens slutna elektriska strömkretsar. Dessa teorier föddes från hans diagnostiska gärning inom lungdiagnostiken där han upptäckte strukturförändringar i och kring lungtumörer som föranledde honom att mäta den elektriska spänningen i tumörerna. Detta ledde sedan till två unika publikationer "Biologically closed electric circuits" och "Exploring BCEC-systems". Dessa böcker beskriver teorin och experimenten kring hur elektriska kretsar förklarar stora delar av kroppens funktioner, men framför allt kastar de ett nytt ljus över tumörbiologin och tumörers uppkomstmekanismer. Dessa teorier föranledde Björn Nordenström att börja behandla patienter med tumörer med elektroder och strömkretsar, s.k. elektrokemisk behandling, en metod som har använts och används internationellt, framför allt i Kina där över 13.000 patienter har behandlats med denna metod. Såväl metoden som Björns teorier har haft svårt att få nationell och internationell genomslagskraft, delvis beroende på att de är så avancerade och geniala att det inte är lätt att förstå dem. Däremot har de kinesiska försöken visat att metoden fungerar i praktiken.

För sina framstående vetenskapliga insatser har Björn Nordenström förärats ett flertal internationella hedersmedlemsskap och utmärkelser. Björn Nordenström var bl.a. medlem av Nobelförsamlingen i 20 år och var dess ordförande 1985. Utöver detta har Björn Nordenström fått bl.a. den kanadensiska Linus Pauling medaljen och fått hedersprofessurer, i USA vid Michigan State University och i Kina vid Beijing universitet. Björn Nordenström var den förste svensk som 2001 fick det prestigefyllda kinesiska priset "The International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Award of the People's Republic of China".

Björn Nordenström var en mångfacetterad, bildad, verserad och tvärvetenskaplig forskare och läkare som lämnar en unik gärning bakom sig. Hans sista år präglades av en svår Parkinsons sjukdom, men trots detta var han in i det sista nyfiken och kunskapstörstande.

Björn Nordenström hade en unik förmåga att kombinera medicin med annan naturvetenskap och att omsätta teorier och experimentella idéer i klinisk relevant forskning. Han kan betraktas som en av pionjärerna inom translationsforskning och han kan ses som ett föredöme i sin aldrig sinande jakt på att pröva nya idéer och förbättra diagnos och behandling för patienter. Han var också ett tydligt exempel på vår förmåga att vara vetenskapligt aktiva decennier efter vår formella pensionering.

Vi, hans röntgenkollegor, känner stor saknad att en god vän och en av Sveriges genom tiderna största röntgenprofiler har gått ur tiden.

Peter Aspelin
Edward Azavedo
Kaj Ericson
Torgny Greitz
Hans Jacobsson
Gunilla Svane

Olof Flodmark har blivit vald till Vice President/President elect i World Federation of Neuroradiological societies.
(2006-03-29)

Olof Flodmark har blivit vald till Vice President/President elect i World Federation of Neuroradiological societies. Det fanns två kandidater nominerade, Olof och en amerikan, James Barkovich .

Mandattiden är 4 år så Olof blir president vid nästa Symposium Neuroradiologicum som blir i Venedig 2010. WFNRS är en organisation som idag representerar mer än 7.000 neuroradiologer världen över. Federationen inkluderar alla de stora neuroradiologiska föreningarna i världen - idag 24 stycken med ASNR, ESNR, Austral-Asian, Indian and SouthAmerican societies i spetsen.

Förutom nationella föreningar finns också specialistföreningar som American Society of Spine Radiology och American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology. Detta är ett stort erkännande framför allt av Olof Flodmark globalt men som också sprider glans över Sverige.

www.wfnrs.org

Hans Ringertz Radiologiska Alfabet
(2005-07-18)

Hans är ju alltid underhållande och dessutom klipsk och skarp. Nu har hans radiologiska alfabet uppmärksammats i Diagnostic Imaging, majnumret. Ringertz ABC är både roligt och tänkvärt så vi publicerar det även här. Hans är ju internationell så å,ä och ö får Ni tänka ut själva.

Ladda ner alfabetet i pdf-format och glada färger

Answers to an examination request are never read by referring physicians; they have to be verbally transmitted by the radiologist, preferably while that radiologist is in the middle of another complex case.

Bread and butter radiology consists of 20 sequences, 4000 images from MRI examinations of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and not AP and lateral of the chest.

CT/PET is the only modality that needs three routine reimbursed interpretations: one by the CT specialist, one by the PET specialist, and one by the two of them together.

Differential diagnoses for consolidation have a tendency to include all microbial agents known to humankind and are thus of little help.

Emergency room radiology sometimes requires more prompt action than usual, especially when the referring physician is leaving for lunch.

Findings and impressions in the radiology report should consist of a description and interpretation, but they tend to be just a reshuffling of the words.

GI studies are supposedly scheduled at regular intervals but are in reality performed by the radiologist according to the ketchup principle: nothing, nothing, nothing, and then all at once.

Half of an imaged organ missing from the film is not unusual. Unfortunately, no immediate retake can be done, as the patient has left the department before the radiologist has had a chance to see the image.

Interventional radiology is done by different specialists, depending on the reimbursement for the procedure. If the reimbursement is generous, it is done by cardiologists.

Jam is what happens to your digital reports in the printer before they are supposed to be sent in analog form to the referring doctor.

Kilogram is a unit of weight used to assess the size of a newborn referred for chest radiography, but it is otherwise not understood by colleagues or laypeople.

Login is different for each system; e.g., ringertz, RINGERTZH, hringertz, hanrin, DR. RINHAN, hari, hring, DR. RINHA, etc. Of course, all are case-sensitive and have their own individual passwords.

Minimally invasive percutaneous cashectomy has been performed on Mr. Doe. Radiologist: "What did you operate on Mr. Doe for?" Surgeon: "Five hundred dollars." Radiologist: "No, I mean what did he have?" Surgeon: "That was what he had!"

Normal for patient age cannot be stated as a part of a radiology report. Thus a normal finding in patients older than 60 does not exist independently of modality.

Orthopedic surgeons are frequently referring colleagues who are as big and strong as an ox but who cannot spell it.

Pediatric is a scary part of residency. It is obligatory only so that residents will be able to pass the boards.

Questions to be answered in the radiological examination are never given to the attending radiologist. Clinical information is standardized as "This guy needs a scan," or "Rule out pathology."

Radiology conferences with clinical services are held at irregular intervals involving a few unique cases. The lesson: Look carefully, because these cases are so rare that you will never see anything like them again.

Self-referral radiology by nonradiologists causes four times as many examinations at four times the reimbursement per procedure compared with patients with the same medical history referred to a radiology department.

Transcription service of radiology dictations is provided from parts of the world where Swenglish seems to be an unknown language.

Uniform for attending male radiologists is jacket and tie rather than jeans and T-shirt. Residents are allowed a more informal dress code, but shorts and bare feet are not recommended.

Veterans Affairs radiology department door to barium enema fluoroscopy has a sign: "To expedite your visit, please back in."

Warranty is a promise of an orthopedic repair of those parts that cannot break. In radiology, this means a promise to reevaluate the findings after an autopsy has been performed.

X chromosomes mentioned as a pair by somebody who has only one are defined as harassment and must be reported to the ombudsperson.

Your electronic signatures for radiology reports are more time-consuming than the examination and dictation combined.

Zero is not the number of unnecessary examinations, but the number you put behind the price in dollars when you charge for such an examination.

Mannen bakom datortomografen, Sir Godfrey Hounsfield avled, 84 år gammal den 12 augusti 2004. Hounsfield delade Nobelpriset i medicin 1979 med fysikern Allan M. Cormack.

Läs Hounsfields autobiografi på Nobel e-museum

Ladda ner och läs hans Nobelföreläsning (500 kB)

Här kan Du läsa minnesorden i London Telegraph

 
Sir Godfrey Hounsfield
(Filed: 17/08/2004)

Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, who died on August 12 aged 84, led the team which developed Britain's first big solid-state computer before inventing the computerised axial tomography (CAT) scanner for use in clinical diagnosis; in recognition of this latter achievement he was awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

Hounsfield conceived the idea for a CAT scanner in 1967 during a weekend ramble in the country. Initially it had nothing to do with medicine, but was simply "a realisation that you could determine what was in a box by taking readings at all angles through it".

On his return to EMI's research laboratories at Hayes, in Middlesex, he began working on a device that could process hundreds of X-ray beams to obtain a three-dimensional display of the inside of a living organism.

Combining computer and X-ray technology, and practising "on a brain of a cow my colleague got from a kosher house on the other side of London" (he submitted his own head for the first human trials), by 1972 Hounsfield had evolved a machine that could produce detailed images of cross-sections of the brain in four and a half minutes.

Introduced in 1973, early CAT scanners were used to overcome obstacles in the diagnosis of diseases of the brain, and Hounsfield subsequently modified his machine to enable it to scan the whole body.

Unknown to Hounsfield, a South African nuclear physicist, Allan Cormack, had worked on essentially the same problems of CAT, and in a paper published in 1957 had suggested a reconstruction technique called the Radon transform. Although Cormack's work was not widely circulated, and he and Hounsfield did not collaborate or even meet, in 1979 both men shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of computerised tomography.

The invention of the CAT scanner was a remarkable achievement, not least because of the complex algebraic calculations involved in the computer programming. Other research teams with larger resources than EMI had already dismissed such a device as impossible to develop, and one prominent British scientist remarked that Hounsfield's machine used "mathematics I wouldn't pretend to understand now or at any stage of my career".

Yet Hounsfield had never been to university and was largely self-taught.

Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, the youngest of five children of a farmer near Newark in Nottinghamshire, was born on August 28 1919. At an early age he became intrigued by the farm's mechanical and electrical machinery, and by the age of 11 he had begun to experiment, constructing electrical recording machines and launching himself off the top of haystacks with a home-made glider.

At Magnus Grammar School in Newark, he confessed to responding "only to physics and mathematics with any ease and moderate enthusiasm". But as with so many of Britain's great post-war scientists, his opportunity came with the outbreak of the Second World War.

Hounsfield joined the RAF as a volunteer reservist, hoping to become involved in radio. Having perused some RAF books on radio mechanics, he sat a test and was amazed when he was then taken on as a radar-mechanic instructor and moved to the then RAF-occupied Royal College of Science in South Kensington, and later to Cranwell Radar School.

There, in his spare time, he passed the City and Guilds examination in Radio Communications. In 1945 he was awarded the RAF's Certificate of Merit. His work impressed Air Vice-Marshal J R Cassidy, who was responsible for obtaining a grant for Hounsfield after the war which enabled him to attend Faraday House Electrical Engineering College in London, where he received a diploma.

In 1951 Hounsfield joined the research staff of EMI at Hayes. For a while he worked on radar and guided weapons, then ran a small design laboratory, where he soon became fascinated by the emerging field of computers. Starting in about 1958, he led a design team which built the first all-transistor computer to be constructed in Britain, the EMIDEC 1100.

In those days the transistor was a relatively slow device - much slower than valves, which were then used in most computers. However, Hounsfield was able to overcome this problem by driving the transistor with a magnetic core. This increased the speed of the machine so that it compared with that of valve computers and brought about the use of transistors in computing earlier than had been anticipated.

When this work finished, Hounsfield transferred to EMI Central Research Laboratories, also at Hayes, where he began his work on CAT scanners. This work, and the development of progressively more sophisticated prototypes of brain and whole body scanners, kept him occupied until 1976.

He remained responsible for long-term thinking about medical systems at EMI's research laboratories while others managed the Research and Development effort supporting his scanners. In his later years with EMI, he broadened his interests into related fields of diagnostic imaging, such as nuclear magnetic resonance.

After his official retirement in 1986, Hounsfield continued to work as a consultant for EMI, and also to various hospitals, including the National Heart and Chest Hospitals, Chelsea, the National Heart Hospital and the Brompton Hospital.

True to the archetype of the shy, retiring bachelor boffin, Hounsfield found the public interest in his invention "most embarrassing". He won numerous awards and honours (35 in the 1970s alone), among them election to the Royal Society, a rare accolade for someone who did not possess a university degree.

A frugal man, Hounsfield spent very little on himself and always refused EMI's offer to let him take a sabbatical. When presented with the 1972 MacRobert award from the Council of Engineering Institutions, he said he would keep his £25,000 prize in reserve "in case some new research idea turns up, in which case I can plough it back". He did, however, spend a little of his Nobel prize money on fitting out the living-room of his small semi-detached house in Middlesex with scientific equipment.

Apart from his work, Hounsfield's greatest pleasures were walking in the mountains and leading country rambles. He enjoyed music and played the piano "in a self-taught way". In company, he confessed to enjoying "lively, way-out discussions".

On the day he won the Nobel prize in 1979, Hounsfield had some home-spun words of advice for all would-be Nobel prizewinners: "Don't worry too much if you don't pass exams, so long as you feel you have understood the subject. It's amazing what you can get by the ability to reason things out by conventional methods, getting down to the basics of what is happening."

Godfrey Hounsfield was appointed CBE in 1976 and knighted in 1981. He was elected to a fellowship of the Royal Society in 1975.

He was unmarried.